2023自考英语二重点知识点资料整理 常考考点汇总

2023一年一度的自学考试即将来临，以下是英语自学二考试各章节重点知识整理，更适合考生在考前进行突击复习，回答一个比较，满意、理想的答卷。

自学英语重点知识整理II

关键词扩展说明：

1. organizational: a 组织

由此我们可以想到：organize: v 组织；organization:n 组织； organizer: n 组织者

请看下面的练习，从这组单词中选择合适的单词来填空：

1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.

2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.

3).Chinahas joined World Trade __________.

4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.

Answers: organized, organizational,Organization,organizer

2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观

3. predict: v 预言、预示；

由此我们可以想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable:a 可以预测； predictor: n 预言家

4. simplify: v 简化

由此我们可以想到：simple: a 简单的；simply:ad 简单地，仅仅； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 简化的。

Exercises for the above words:

1). The machine is _____ in operation but complexinstructure.

2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the originalisbeyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.

3). There is no point in arguing about it, becauseitis _______ a question of procedure.

4). The ______ of working process freed theworkersfro heavy labor.

Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification

5. tendency: n 趋势、趋势；tend : v倾向于…，

tend todo sth

e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.

Or old people tend to get fatter.

6. managerial: a 经理的、商业；

由此我们可以想到：manage: v管理、商业； management:n;manager: n 运营商，经理； manageable: a 易于管理的、可操作。

7.argue: v 争论、辩论，常用的固定组合：arguwith sb about/over sth与某人争论某事； argue sb into doingsth说服某人做某事； argue sb outof doing sth劝说某人不要做某事。

e.g.1>. The young couple always argue with each other over theirchild’s

education.

2>. I argued him out of going on such adangerousjourney.

8. define: v 给…定义； definition: n 定义

9. profitability: n 挣钱， 利润

由此我们可以想到：profit: n 利润；profitable:a 有利可图, 有利；

profitless: a 没有利润。

1). He has made a _____ from running asmallrestaurant.

2). The deal was ______ to all of us.

3). They valued _______ differently, which ledtodisagreement as to the correctness of decision.

Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.

10. correctness: n 正确性； 根：correct:a正确的； v 正确的， correction: n 正确的； incorrect: a 不正确。

11. unintended: a 计划外的，

由此我们可以想到：intend: v 打算，计划；intention:n； intended: a 计划

文中难句的解释、分析

1. A decision is a choice made from amongalternativecourses of action that are available.(p1)

翻译：决策是在多种选择中做出选择。

分析：这句话是一个主要的系统结构。made from among alternative coursesofaction that are available它是用作定语修饰的过去分词短语a choice; 在that are available是一个定语从句修饰courses of action.

一环修饰另一环的句子结构在英语中很常见，因此，为了理解句子，每个人都要学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中非常重要的能力！

2. The reason for making a decision is that aproblemexists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in theway ofaccomplishing them. (p1)

翻译：因为有问题而做出决定，目标或目的是错误的，或者有什么东西阻碍了他们的实现。

分析：这句话也是一个主要的系统表结构。That引入三个平行谓语从句，①aproblemexists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短语：make a decision:做决定；stand in the way: 堵塞、阻碍

3.Often managers must make a best guess at what thefuture will be and try toleave as little as possible to chance, but sinceuncertainty is always there,risk accompanies decisions. (p2)

翻译：管理者通常必须对未来状况做出最佳预测，这样机会就会尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性始终存在，所以决策往往伴随着风险。

分析：句子的前半部分是主谓宾结构。what the future will be是的at的对象；as little as possible做leave的对象；since状语从句引导原因，相当于because.

4.If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)

翻译：如果别无选择，不会有任何决定。

分析：这是一个非常简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个非常重要的测试点：to be made。这是动词不定式的定语修饰decision，有未来的意义。例如：The last question tobediscussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.

5. For managers, every decision has constraintsbasedon policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)

翻译：对于管理者，每一个决定都受到政策的影响、程序、受法律和实践等因素限制。

分析：这句话的测试点是based on policies, procedures,laws,precedents, and the like。相同的过去分词短语用作定语修饰constraints。其中短语：base…on经过…作为基础。 喜欢：Thefilmis based on s short story by Jack London.

6.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.(p4)

翻译：但这种简化的倾向让他们看不到其他选择。

分析：句子的主语the tendency to simplify，谓词blinds; them是对象。to simplify这是一个定语，调整the tendency；to other alternatives这是宾布。其中短语：blind sb to sth:制作…看不到…；

we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to thefacts.

7. Because individuals (and organizations)frequentlyhave different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choicemay dependon who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)

翻译：因为个人的（和组织）对于如何实现目标常常有不同的看法，哪个是最好的选择可能取决于谁做出决定。

分析：这是一个because引入原因状语从句。在howtoattain the goals做一个介词about的对象，whomakesthe decision做一个介词on的对象。

8. Some of these objectives are more importantthanothers, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person topersonand from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)

翻译：其中一些目标比其他目标更重要，但其顺序和重要性因人、因部门而异。

分析：请注意比较形式more important than，短语：vary from person to person翻译成中文：因人而异，可以启动：因季节而异vary from season to season….

9.When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to seesales problems,production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7line 5--7)

翻译：当每天面对同样的事情时，销售经理倾向于关注销售问题，生产经理将查看生产相关问题，ETC。

分析：上半部分是常规考试的内容，这是when + 过去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中短语：

be presented with = be faced with当面对…

When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..

10. People often assume that a decision is anisolatedphenomenon. (p9)

翻译：人们常常认为决策是一个孤立的现象。

分析：简单的句子结构：主语、谓语和宾语（条款）。在assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立。

phenomenon: n 现象；复数变化是特殊的：phenomena

关键词、短语的详细解释

1.interview: n/v 面试、面试；interviewer: n 面试官； interviewee: n 受访者

e.g. 1>. Who's the most famous person you'veeverinterviewed on TV?

2>. In a TV interview last night, she deniedshehad any intention of resigning.

2. criticism: n 批评，评论；criticize:v 批评； critical: a 批判的、挑剔的、枢轴；critic:n 评论家, 请填写。

1> He is a literary ______.

2> We are at a _______time in our history.

3> He can't take ________.

4> The boy was ______ by his father for beinglatefor school.

Answers: critic, critical, criticism, criticized

3. indifference: n 冷漠、冷漠；indifferent:a冷漠，反义词：enthusiastic: 热情的

cf: different: a 不同的，名词：difference;反义词：same.

4. inefficiency: n 无效的，由此我们可以得到：

efficient: a 高效的；efficiency:n inefficient: a 效率低下

5. conservative: a 保守的、保守的；conserve:v 节省； conservation: n

6. apply to sb for sth: 向某人申请某物

e.g. The student applied to the embassy for a visa.

7. take the trouble to do sth: 孜孜不倦地工作、努力做某事

e.g. If you took the trouble to listen to what Iwassaying, you'd know what I was talking about.

8. put oneself in somebody's place: 把自己置身于…

If you put yourself in your mother's place, youwillunderstand why she is so worried about you.

9. in hand: 手头上有，进行中

I've got enough money in hand to buy a new car.

10. turn down: 降低，减少，拒绝

Turn down the TV, for the baby is sleeping.

He turned down the job because the pay isn'tgoodenough.

文中难句分析

1. The key words here are preparation and confidence,which willcarry you far. （p2）

翻译：这里的关键词是准备和信心，他们会给你一个光明的未来。

分析：which will carry you far非限定定语从句，调整preparation and confidence。另请注意：key枢轴；preparation是的prepare名词；confidence: n 信心。Confident: a 自信的；self-confidence: 自信心。

2. Find out all you can about the job you areapplyingfor and the origination you hope to work for. (p4)

翻译：了解您正在申请的工作以及您想工作的组织。

分析：you are applying for属性，调整thejob;you hope to work for定语修饰the origination。短语：apply to sb for sth向某人申请什么。

3. It shows an unattractive indifference toyouremployer and to your job. (p6)

翻译：这表明你对你的雇主和你的工作漠不关心，没兴趣。

分析：it主题；shows谓词；an unattractive indifference目的；toyouremployer and to your job间接宾语。Show sth to sb=showsbsth.此外，请注意：indifference: 冷漠，漠视。

4. He wants somebody who is hard-working withapleasant personality and a real interest in the job. (p7)

分析：who is hard-working with a pleasant personalityanda real interest in the job都是定语，调整somebody。注意介词with意味着与。。； have interest in sth正确的…有兴趣。

5.Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can beused to youradvantage during the interview to show that you have bothered tomaster somefacts about the people who you hope to work for. (p8)

翻译：您找到的有关未来雇主的任何信息都可以在面试过程中使用，表明您已费尽心思了解有关您想为之工作的人的一些事实。

分析：从这句话的长度也可以看出这是一个复杂的句子。主要结构是：anything can be usedtoyour advantage. that you find out about the prospective employer是一个定语从句；during the interview状语；to show that youhavebothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for是目的状语；who you hope to work for是另一个修饰的定语从句thepeople.短语：to your advantage: 对你有好处；workfor sb为某人工作。

6. Do not be afraid to ask for clarificationofsomething that has been said during the interview if you want to be surewhatwas implied, but do be polite. (p10)

翻译：如果您想准确了解面试中某件事的含义，不要害怕要求对方解释自己，但你一定要有礼貌。

分析：基本句型：not be afraid to do sth; 不要害怕做某事；ask for clarification要求澄清；that has beensaidduring the interview属性，调整something; what wasimplied目的；do be polite: 在do强调，喜欢：do be careful! I do love you! He does lie to us!

7. Have the letter inviting you for an interviewreadyto show in case there is any difficulty in communication. (p16)

翻译： 接受邀请您面试的通知，对话困难时显示。

分析：这是一个祈使句。Have动词，抓住；theletter目的；inviting you for an interview现在分词作为定语；readyto show状语；in case there is anydifficulty incommunication条件状语从句；短语：there is somedifficulty insth/doing sth存在…有困难。喜欢：We havesome difficulty speaking English fluently.

8. There is little likelihood that a panel offivewants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn.(p20)

翻译：五个人轮流握手几乎是不可能的。

分析：这句话的重点是that a panel of five ants to go throughtheprocess of all shaking hands with you in turn是一个同位语从句，是真的little likelihood的解释。在：likelihood: n 可能性，相当于possibility; go through经验； in turn:转动。

9. Would you mind rephrasing the question,please?(p23)

翻译：您介意重新表述一下这个问题吗？

分析：测试点mind doing sth. 喜欢：Wouldyou mind turning down the TV?

语法：介绍as相关用法

as乍一看很简单，但它是一个小词，在英语中使用起来实际上非常复杂。从词性角度看，可以用作介词、副词、连词和关系代词；从语法功能的角度来看，可以构成介词的宾语，状语从句引导原因，时间状语从句，方式状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句和定语从句。还as也出现在很多固定的组合中，喜欢： as if, as though, aslongas, as to, as for, so as to, etc.

1. astronomer: n 天文学家；astronomy: n 天文学

2.explode: v 爆炸,联想从这里：explosive: a 爆炸物/n 炸药；explosion: n 爆炸

1). When the bomb______, many people wereseriouslywounded.

2). The unexpected ________ frightened thelittlegirl.

3). It might be possible to convert _____ energyintoheat.

Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive

3.density: n 密度；协会：dense: a 稠密，反义词：sparse;

densely: ad高密度；densely-populated人口稠密；sparsely-populated人口稀少

1). The ____ fog kept the travelers from findingthecorrect direction.

2). The business area of the city is _____ populated.

3). This liquid has a much greater ____ than water.

Answers: dense, densely, density

4. shrink: v 收缩、退缩、收缩

1). As a result of careless washing, the jackethasshrunk to a child's size.

2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood.

5. measurement: n 措施、测量；

联想从这里：measure: n措施/v 措施、测量；measurable: a 可测量的，可以测量

1). We must take _____ to protect our environment.

2). We have come within ______ distance of success.

3). Clocks give us a ______ of time.

4). There the rainfall is ______ not in inches butinfeet.

Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured

6.implication: n 意义、暗示；imply:v暗示

7. basis: n 根据、根据，

由此可以想象：base: n 底部；v 经过…作为底部，作为基础；basic: a 基本的，基本的；

basically: ad 从根本上来说,

1). If you want to improve your English, you musthavea solid ______.

2). The furniture of out dorm is really _____:twobeds, two chairs and tables.

3). The charges are false for they are not ______onproven facts.

4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we havetoadopt the ____ workable one.

Answers: basis, basic, based, basically

8. observatory: n 天文台；由此可以想象：

observe: v 观察；observation: n 观察；observer: n 观察者

9. convincing: a 令人信服的，令人信服的；convince:v令人信服的；convinced: a 感觉有说服力，常见组合：convincesb of sth; convince sb that

1). He gave us a convincing speech.

2). He convinced me f his sincerity.

10. operate: v 跑步、操作、外科手术；operation:n 手术，操作；operator: 操作员

11. research into正确的…研究

She is researching into possible cures for AIDS.

12. swallow up: 吞噬、筋疲力尽的

Many small businesses have been swallowed up bylargecompanies.

13. apply to sb/sth：适用于某人/某物，请比较：

apply to sb for sth向某人申请某事；applyAto B将要A 应用于B

1). You should apply what you have learned toyourwork.

2). I applied to him for a new job.

3). The study method doesn't apply to everyone

Analyzethe important sentences among the text

1. Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the termswewould normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequatehere.(p1)

翻译：哦，这个问题很难回答，因为我们通常用来描述科学现象的现有术语在这里是不够的。

句子分析：it是正式主语，to answerthisquestion是句子的主语；since状语从句引导原因，wewould normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon是一个定语从句，调整terms; inadequate: 不足，不合格。

2. Astronomers and scientists think that a blackholeis a region of space not a thing into which matter has fallen and fromwhichnothing can escape---not even light. (p1)

翻译：天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是太空的一个区域，而不是一个物体，物质落入黑洞，任何东西都无法逃脱，连光都没有。

句子分析：into which和from which引入两个定语从句，介词：into和fall匹配；from 和escape匹配。这种介词+which请注意定语从句的形式。

3. The theory is that some stars explode whentheirdensity increases to a particular point. (p2)

翻译：（关于黑洞的形成）该理论认为，当某些行星的密度增加到一定程度时，它们就会爆炸。

句子分析：这是一个主线结构句子。that用于引导谓语从句，不能省略。其中包括另一个when介绍性时间状语从句。to a particular point意思是达到某个点。

4.But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) thisprocess ofshrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. (p2)

翻译：但如果地球很大（比我们的太阳大得多），收缩过程可能会很剧烈，于是就产生了一个黑洞。

句子分析：这是一个if引导性条件状语从句，so…that意思是这样…以便，是结果状语从句。

喜欢：I'm so tired that I can even sleep on my way home.

5. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of amarble,but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, andyou havesome idea of the force of a black hole. (p2)

翻译：想象一下地球缩小到弹球大小，但仍然具有相同的品质和更大的吸引力，您将对黑洞的力量有所了解。

句子分析：句子的主要结构是imagine….and you ……事实上，它相当于if you imagine…, you will have some idea….. 这个句子结构在以前的考试中出现过。请记住：祈使句+ and + 陈述句= if引导性条件状语从句。喜欢：Hurry up and you can catch the last train!

此外，这句话也有两个定语成分reduced to the size of a marble和having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull用于修改the earth.前者是过去分词，后者是现在分词。短语：

have some idea of sth正确的…了解一些东西

6.It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific researchinto blackholes. (p3line13--14)

翻译：直到最近，科学家们才开始对黑洞进行详细的研究。

句子分析：这句话的核心结构是it is…that强调句型，强调时间状语only recently。短语：research into sth正确的…研究。

7. The most convincing evidence of black holescomesfrom research into binary star systems. (p4)

翻译：黑洞最有说服力的证据来自对双星系统的研究。

句子分析：句子的主语evidence，谓词comesfrom；目的research into binary star systems。

The most convincing这是一个定语，调整evidence.请注意convincing:令人信服的，通常修饰形容词通常以-ing结尾；而改造人的大多是-ed结尾。喜欢：

I feel excited after hearing the surprising news.

8. Matter from the one which we can see isbeingpulled towards the companion star. (p4)

翻译：我们看到的行星物质被伴星吸引。

句子分析：主题matter; 谓词isbeingpulled，这是渐进式被动语态；towards the companion star介词宾语；from the one which we can see属性。

9. On the other hand, scientists have suggestedthatvery advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of blackholesfor mankind. (p5line4--6)

翻译：另一方面，科学家还提出有一天高科技将利用黑洞的力量为人类服务。

句子分析：请注意这句话中suggest不是建议，是要指出、指定的含义。advanced先进的、先进的；make use of sth使用…，这句话可以扩展为：make good use of 利用它；make full use of充分利用。

10. They show us a world which operates in atotallydifferent way from our own and they question our most basic experienceof apaceand time.(p5)

翻译：他们向我们展示了一个与我们的世界不同的世界，并提出了关于我们最基本的空间和时间体验的问题。

句子分析：这句话的复杂性在于：从which介绍性定语从句，注意;operate：v 操作；inaway用一定的方法；be different from相同的…不同的；question: v 问题，问。