自考英语二知识点整理总结笔记 必背短语固定搭配

自学英语II是自学考试公共科目的必修课，这是一门自学本科课程，英语（二）该课程既是语言练习课程，也拓宽了知识面、了解世界文化的重要优质课程。旨在培养学习者的综合应用能力，帮助他们学习、能够在工作和社交互动中用英语进行有效沟通。

自学考试英语2准备句型 过渡句

1. ..may further be supported by………可以进一步确认……

2.However, why is…important/indispensable/necessary?但为什么……很重要(基本的、是必要的)?

3.As a proverb says…/As is well known to us…正如一句名言所说(据我们所知)……

4.People should pay more attention to the..because…人们应该增加他们的……注意力，因为……

先进的：

1.Besides/In addition/Apart from this, other ways/aspects/functions are…除了，其他一些方法(方面、影响)是的……

2. …is but one of many effects.Another i……这只是影响之一。另一个是……

3.Another equally important aspect/function is…另一个同样重要的方面(影响)是的……

4.Closely connected with/related to/associated with this factor is…与这个因素密切相关的另一个因素是…

关键词扩展说明：

1. organizational: a 组织

由此我们可以想到：organize: v 组织；organization:n 组织； organizer: n 组织者

请看下面的练习，从这组单词中选择合适的单词来填空：

1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.

2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.

3).Chinahas joined World Trade __________.

4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.

Answers: organized, organizational,Organization,organizer

2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观

3. predict: v 预言、预示；

由此我们可以想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable:a 可以预测； predictor: n 预言家

4. simplify: v 简化

由此我们可以想到：simple: a 简单的；simply:ad 简单地，仅仅； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 简化的。

Exercises for the above words:

1). The machine is _____ in operation but complexinstructure.

2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the originalisbeyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.

3). There is no point in arguing about it, becauseitis _______ a question of procedure.

4). The ______ of working process freed theworkersfro heavy labor.

Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification

5. tendency: n 趋势、趋势；tend : v倾向于…，

tend todo sth

e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.

Or old people tend to get fatter.

6. managerial: a 经理的、商业；

由此我们可以想到：manage: v管理、商业； management:n;manager: n 运营商，经理； manageable: a 易于管理的、可操作。

7.argue: v 争论、辩论，常用的固定组合：arguwith sb about/over sth与某人争论某事； argue sb into doingsth说服某人做某事； argue sb outof doing sth劝说某人不要做某事。

e.g.1>. The young couple always argue with each other over theirchild’s

education.

2>. I argued him out of going on such adangerousjourney.

8. define: v 给…定义； definition: n 定义

9. profitability: n 挣钱， 利润

由此我们可以想到：profit: n 利润；profitable:a 有利可图, 有利；

profitless: a 没有利润。

1). He has made a _____ from running asmallrestaurant.

2). The deal was ______ to all of us.

3). They valued _______ differently, which ledtodisagreement as to the correctness of decision.

Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.

10. correctness: n 正确性； 根：correct:a正确的； v 正确的， correction: n 正确的； incorrect: a 不正确。

11. unintended: a 计划外的，

由此我们可以想到：intend: v 打算，计划；intention:n； intended: a 计划

文中难句的解释、分析

1. A decision is a choice made from amongalternativecourses of action that are available.(p1)

翻译：决策是在多种选择中做出选择。

分析：这句话是一个主要的系统结构。made from among alternative coursesofaction that are available它是用作定语修饰的过去分词短语a choice; 在that are available是一个定语从句修饰courses of action.

一环修饰另一环的句子结构在英语中很常见，因此，为了理解句子，每个人都要学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中非常重要的能力！

2. The reason for making a decision is that aproblemexists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in theway ofaccomplishing them. (p1)

翻译：因为有问题而做出决定，目标或目的是错误的，或者有什么东西阻碍了他们的实现。

分析：这句话也是一个主要的系统表结构。That引入三个平行谓语从句，①aproblemexists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短语：make a decision:做决定；stand in the way: 堵塞、阻碍

3.Often managers must make a best guess at what thefuture will be and try toleave as little as possible to chance, but sinceuncertainty is always there,risk accompanies decisions. (p2)

翻译：管理者通常必须对未来状况做出最佳预测，这样机会就会尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性始终存在，所以决策往往伴随着风险。

分析：句子的前半部分是主谓宾结构。what the future will be是的at的对象；as little as possible做leave的对象；since状语从句引导原因，相当于because.

4.If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)

翻译：如果别无选择，不会有任何决定。

分析：这是一个非常简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个非常重要的测试点：to be made。这是动词不定式的定语修饰decision，有未来的意义。例如：The last question tobediscussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.

5. For managers, every decision has constraintsbasedon policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)

翻译：对于管理者，每一个决定都受到政策的影响、程序、受法律和实践等因素限制。

分析：这句话的测试点是based on policies, procedures,laws,precedents, and the like。相同的过去分词短语用作定语修饰constraints。其中短语：base…on经过…作为基础。 喜欢：Thefilmis based on s short story by Jack London.

6.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.(p4)

翻译：但这种简化的倾向让他们看不到其他选择。

分析：句子的主语the tendency to simplify，谓词blinds; them是对象。to simplify这是一个定语，调整the tendency；to other alternatives这是宾布。其中短语：blind sb to sth:制作…看不到…；

we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to thefacts.

7. Because individuals (and organizations)frequentlyhave different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choicemay dependon who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)

翻译：因为个人的（和组织）对于如何实现目标常常有不同的看法，哪个是最好的选择可能取决于谁做出决定。

分析：这是一个because引入原因状语从句。在howtoattain the goals做一个介词about的对象，whomakesthe decision做一个介词on的对象。

8. Some of these objectives are more importantthanothers, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person topersonand from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)

翻译：其中一些目标比其他目标更重要，但其顺序和重要性因人、因部门而异。

分析：请注意比较形式more important than，短语：vary from person to person翻译成中文：因人而异，可以启动：因季节而异vary from season to season….

9.When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to seesales problems,production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7line 5--7)

翻译：当每天面对同样的事情时，销售经理倾向于关注销售问题，生产经理将查看生产相关问题，ETC。

分析：上半部分是常规考试的内容，这是when + 过去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中短语：

be presented with = be faced with当面对…

When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..

10. People often assume that a decision is anisolatedphenomenon. (p9)

翻译：人们常常认为决策是一个孤立的现象。

分析：简单的句子结构：主语、谓语和宾语（条款）。在assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立。

phenomenon: n 现象；复数变化是特殊的：phenomena