成考英语常用语法汇总

成人考试英语很重要，而未来，无论是升学还是升学、考研会考英语，所以英语是所有科目的重中之重，必须努力学习。

成人高考常用英语语法

1、形容词和副词的基本用法

形容词在句子中一般充当定语、表语、补充，副词主要在句子中用作状语。

2、定冠词 定名词 用法

定冠词定义名词时，主要表达特定性，应注意以下几点：

（1）the带有单数可数名词，表示一个人或事物，喜欢：the fern（蕨类），the wallflower

（2）序数词前面必须有the，喜欢：the first woman，the nineteenth century 除非前面有所有格代词，喜欢my first baby

（3）形容词前面必须有最高级the（除了所有格代词），喜欢：the largest city，the most advanced technology

（4）of用在连接名词之前the，喜欢：the development of the watch

（5）应该添加世界上独特的东西the，喜欢：the globe（地球），the equator（赤道），the moon，the sun

3、不需要the案件

（1）表示一个人的名字、地名、在专有名词（例如国名）之前，一般不添加，喜欢：Dennis Chavez（人名），Alaska（地名），English（英语），February（二月），America（我们）

但在代表海洋时、海峡、河、河、山、应添加专有名词，例如群岛the the Great Lakes（五大湖），the Changjiang River（长江）

（2）未指定的不可数名词之前，喜欢：algebra（代数），advertising，accounting（会计）

（3）在表示类别的复数名词之前，喜欢：Historians believe that…，Amphibians（两栖动物）hatch from…

（4）在一些固定的短语中，喜欢：in history，in nature，at work，at home ，go to school，go to bed，in bed

4、定语从句可分为限制性定语和非限制性定语两种，主要区别是：

1.非限制性定语从句，介绍性词语和先行词必须用逗号分隔。

2.非限制性定语从句，一般不使用介绍性词语that

用于修饰who，whom，whose

He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.

用于修饰符which

5、倒装句的用法

倒装句可分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。主语前面的谓语动词全部倒装；助动词或情态动词位于主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，部分反转。

（1）当句子开头使用否定词时，句子应该部分倒装。

常用的否定词有：

Not only…(but also)，Not until（直到………天赋），No sooner…(than)（一………立刻）

Never/ Rarely/Seldom Hardly/Scarcely…(when)

Few/LittleNeither/Nor（也不）Nwhere At no time Under no circumstances（绝不）

On no account（绝不）In no way

在not only，no sooner，hardly，scarcely 分别和but (also)，than，when配合使用，笔记：后一组词之后的部分不倒装，否定后仅部分反转。此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需要填写的是倒数部分，只要在句首看到上面的词，倒装句应该被认为是条件反射

（2）介词、分词短语提前倒装。

当句子没有宾语时，而且主题很长，句子中用作状语的介词短语或用作表语的形容词短语或用作表语的分词短语通常放在句首，主谓完全倒装。

6、反身代词用法

反身代词可以用作宾语；也可以用作习语。反身代词通常放在名词或代词之后以强调， 表达“亲自”的含义。

例子：记住make possible三种形式：（1）make+名词+possible；（2）make+possible+名词（当名词短语很长时）；（3）make it possible (for sb.) to do （请参阅有关正式对象的部分）。

7、分词时态

1）与主语动词同时，

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。

Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚到那里，他们发现男孩死了。

典型例子

The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

回答B. 这里没有连词，无法选择D，否则出现两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只有在B，C选一个。并且因为这两个动作是同时发生的，并与主题有积极的关系，应用现在分词。

2）在主要动词之前

While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 他在花园里散步时弄伤了腿。

作为时间状语的分词，if 首先是主要动词的动作，并强调顺序， 使用having done。

Having finished his homework, he went out.

=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

完成作业后，他出去了。

典型例子

___ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

回答C. 本题考察分词的时态和分词的否定形式。从问题的意思来看，分词动作（收到信）谓语动词中发生的动作（决心再写一次）前，所以使用完美分词。分词的否定形式形成为not +分词，选择C。这句话可以理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

成考英语常见语法错误分类与分析

1.不完整的句子

We always working till late at night before taking exams.(错误)

We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(只是)

We should read books may be useful to us. (错误)

We should read books which may be useful to us. (只是)

2.句子成分是多余的

This test is end， but there is another test is waiting for you. (错误)

One test ends， but another is waiting for you. (只是)

The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (错误)

The driver of the red car died on the spot. (只是)

3.主谓不一致

Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (错误)

Some think that reading should be selective. (只是)

My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (错误)

My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (只是)

4.动词时态、滥用声音

I was walking along the road， and there are not so many cars on the street. (错误)

I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (只是)

We have little time to read some books which we interest. (错误)

We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (只是)

I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (错误)

I have been studying in the college for two years(只是)

5.词性混乱

It is my point that reading must be selectively. (错误)

In my opinion， reading must be selective. (只是)

Honest is so important for every person. (错误)

Honesty is so important for everyone. (只是)

The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (错误)

The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (只是)